Tourist Visa and ESTA/VWP: Consular Processing Versus Adjustment of Status

There are two main ways to acquire a Green Card:
- Consular Processing
- Adjustment of Status
The Post will explain in great detail the many related questions surrounding this topic.
What is a Visa or Visa Waiver?
A Visa or Visa Waiver is best described as a “Vehicle” to enter and exit a country. The vehicle could by a car, bus, plane, boat, etc.
In the US, a Vehicle must meet certain standards, be roadworthy, be safe, and abide by the law.
When someone uses a Visa or Visa Waiver as a vehicle to enter the US . . . standards, contracts, and laws also apply. This Blog will explain.
What is ESTA or Visa Waiver Program?
ESTA is a computer system that provides a “Visa Waiver” to enter countries in the Visa Waiver Program. The entry into the United States is up to 90 days. Generally, one can use ESTA to vacation in the US for 90 Days out of a 180-Day Period. So, it is not wise to use ESTA as a method of long-term stay in the US.
Example: Paul uses ESTA to stay in the US for 60 days during January and February. Paul leaves for 30 days or all of march, and tries to use ESTA to visit again. US Customs may grant another 90 days OR they may only grant another 30 days, since that was what was remaining within 180 days.
Example 2: Paul uses ESTA to stay in the US for 90 days during January, February, and March. Paul leaves for 90 days, and tries to use ESTA to visit again in July. US Customs may grant another 90 days since 90 days have passed and a new 90 days under ESTA would not exceed 90 days in a 180-Day Period.
Purpose of ESTA: Solely Vacation, and not to:
- Marry in the US
- Work in the US Illegally
- Study in the US
- Immigrate to the US
In the ESTA Application, many items are references that are essentially the “Terms and Conditions of Use.” There are even provisions for:
- If in violation of the Terms and Agreement, Holder waives the right to a judge or hearing
- If in violation of the Terms and Agreement, Holder may be taken directly to the Airport for Immediate Deportation
ESTA is very easy to acquire for many countries, it is also the easiest to fall into violations and immigration fraud. More on ESTA and Visa Waiver Program can be found here: /immigration/what-is-esta-and-the-visa-waiver-program/
What is a Tourist Visa?
A Tourist Visa permits vacation in the US for up to 180 days. Generally, one can use the Tourist Visa to vacation in the US for 180 Days out of a 360-Day Period.
Purpose of Tourist Visa: Solely Vacation, and not to:
- Marry in the US
- Work in the US Illegally
- Study in the US
- Immigrate to the US
What is a Canadian B-2 Status (even though Canadians do not normally receive Tourist Visas)?
By treaty, a Canadian may enter the US. The entry is similar to ESTA or VWP, but restricted just like a Tourist Visa. To the US Neighbors to the North, travel in and out of the United States is simple. However, Canadians cannot use their visits to the US to do any of the following:
- Work in the US Illegally
- Study in the US
- Immigrate to the US
Recap
Although someone uses a Visa to enter the US, MISUSE of the Visa or Visa Waiver constitute Immigration Fraud or Immigration Intent. Regardless of how someone enters the US, the constant “Restriction” of the visa and visa waiver is that they cannot use it to Immigrate to the US.
If someone truly wants to Immigrate to the US, then a Green Card Immigrant Visa or a Fiance Immigrant Visa through Consular Processing is required.
What are the Requirements for Adjustment of Status?
The Adjustment of Status (or aka AOS) changes/adjusts or disables the Visa used to Enter the US and shifts it to Lawful Permanent Residence (or aka Green Card).
In order to qualify for AOS, a marriage filing to a US Citizen (the most common) Requires:
- Marriage for love
- Marriage between the Visa Holder and a US Citizen
- Legal, unrestricted entry into the United States (e.g. Visa or Visa Waiver)
Using a Non-Immigrant Visa for purposes of Immigration is illegal.
But my Friend Filed Adjustment of Status for the Spouse and they received a Green Card!!!
There are exceptions to the above items. US Immigration would consider (1) the circumstances surrounding entry and (2) what occurs during one’s stay in the US.
Here are a few spousal examples of times when AOS could be permitted:
- Spouses Met in the US for the first time after entry
- Boyfriend and Girlfriend meet in the US, and US Citizen surprised the other with a marriage proposal
- The Visa or Visa Waiver Holder became pregnant
- The Visa or Visa Waiver Holder became ill and unable to travel
However, the exceptions do not excuse a Visa or Visa Waiver Holder’s clear intention to immigrate to the US.
If you have any concerns, you should speak with a local Immigration Attorney, or you may call Fickey Martinez Law Firm, P.L.L.C. at (910) 526-0066.
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